How is PCOS diagnosed?

Generally, to be diagnosed with PCOS, you must meet at least two of the following criteria: • Irregular or infrequent periods • Signs of excess androgen levels or a blood test confirming so • Multiple small cysts on the ovaries, as seen by an ultrasound scan

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)

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Dr Kelly Loi

Senior Consultant Obstetrician & Gynaecologist

Medical Director & Clinical Governance Officer (CGO) of Monash IVF Singapore

Medical Director of Health & Fertility Centre for Women

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Singapore

The cause is unknown but Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is strongly associated with insulin resistance, diabetes, and obesity. The main features of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome include irregular menstruation, acne and excessive amounts or effects of androgenic (masculinising) hormones. The symptoms and severity of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome vary greatly among women. Women who have irregular menstruation may have higher risks of developing endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer. Women may also experience subfertility due to their lack of regular ovulation. Some will have problems of excessive hairiness also known as hirsutism.

We aim to provide a holistic approach to the management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. As women in different age groups will have different needs, we will manage the condition accordingly.

Management issues to consider for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome include the following:

Regulation of menstrual cycles

Weight management and optimisation of the Body Mass Index as well as regular exercise will be advised
The use of various hormonal treatments or birth control pills is usually very effective

Treatment of subfertility issues

This may involve the use of hormonal ovulation induction treatment
For some, surgery involving laparoscopic ovarian drilling may be beneficial
Infertility treatment with super-ovulation and intra-uterine insemination (SO-IUI) or in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) may sometimes be needed

Treatment of excessive hairiness also known as hirsutism

This will involve the use of various hormonal treatments or birth control pills as well as advice regarding aesthetic treatments

Screening and prevention of long-term complications such as diabetes and hypertension

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FAQs

Treatment for PCOS includes managing symptoms through lifestyle changes and hormonal regulation to address irregular periods, weight gain and reduce symptoms like acne or excessive hair growth. For women trying to conceive, treatments that support ovulation and fertility may also be recommended.

While there is no cure for PCOS, your gynaecologist can help you manage your symptoms better and reduce your risk of associated health issues.

While PCOS is a common cause of infertility, many women with PCOS are still able to conceive. PCOS tends to affect fertility as its associated hormonal imbalances can disrupt normal ovulation. However, with proper treatment, patients with PCOS can often improve their fertility.

Generally, to be diagnosed with PCOS, you must meet at least two of the following criteria:

Irregular or infrequent periods
Signs of excess androgen levels or a blood test confirming so
Multiple small cysts on the ovaries, as seen by an ultrasound scan

Most cases of PCOS are believed to be genetically acquired although the inheritance pattern is not well understood, and lifestyle and environmental factors are thought to play a part as well.

PCOS is associated with a higher risk of miscarriage, gestational diabetes, pregnancy-related hypertension, and preterm delivery. Hence, pregnant women with PCOS normally require more in-depth obstetric care in order to ensure the safety of both mother and baby.

People with PCOS often find it hard to lose weight due to issues with hormonal imbalances, insulin resistance and metabolism; all of which can result in weight gain. However, dietary changes and regular exercise can often help.

Dr Kelly Loi

Medical Director

BMBCh (Oxford), FRCOG (UK), FAMS (Singapore)

Dr Kelly Loi is the Medical Director of Health & Fertility Centre for Women and Monash IVF Singapore. She is known for her work in fertility and women’s health, with a focus on providing personalised and evidence-based care for women at different stages of their reproductive journey.

Dr Loi’s clinical interests include fertility, gynaecology, obstetrics, as well as minimally invasive laparoscopic and hysteroscopic surgery. She supports women through a wide range of reproductive and gynaecological concerns, including PCOS.

She has also completed clinical attachments at internationally recognised institutions including Johns Hopkins Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, further deepening her experience in fertility care and reproductive medicine.

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Thank you for considering our clinic. For further information, feel free to contact us at 6235 5066 or submit your enquiry using the form below. We will get back to you promptly.

Take the First Step Towards Your Health and Fertility Journey

— Schedule a Consultation at 6235 5066

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)

What is the most effective treatment for PCOS?

Can PCOS be treated permanently?

Can a person with PCOS get pregnant?

How is PCOS diagnosed?

Is PCOS genetic or hereditary?

Can PCOS cause complications during pregnancy?

Why is it harder to lose weight with PCOS?

Dr Kelly Loi