Women's Gynaecological Cancers

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Dr Kelly Loi

Senior Consultant Obstetrician & Gynaecologist

Medical Director & Clinical Governance Officer (CGO) of Monash IVF Singapore

Medical Director of Health & Fertility Centre for Women

Ovarian Cancer

Women with ovarian cancer often have no symptoms until the cancer has progressed to the late stages. Sometimes, there may be non-specific symptoms like abdominal bloating, loss of appetite and loss of weight.

DiagnosisA suspicion of ovarian cancer may be made following a physical examination, an ultrasound scan, a CT scan, and a blood test for ovarian tumour markers. The diagnosis must then be confirmed with surgery to inspect the abdominal cavity and to take biopsies.
TreatmentThe treatment of ovarian cancer depends on the type and stage of cancer. Treatment usually involves a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. For women who are keen to preserve their fertility, the possibility of fertility-preserving options should be discussed.

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Uterine Cancer

Uterine cancer is a type of cancer that affects the uterus, most commonly in the endometrium or inner lining of the uterus.

DiagnosisUterine cancer usually presents with irregular menstruation or abnormal vaginal bleeding that occurs after menopause. To confirm the presence or absence of cancer, an endometrial biopsy is necessary e.g. through a dilation and curettage (D&C). During a D&C, the uterus is scraped with an instrument called a curette and the tissue obtained is sent for laboratory testing.
TreatmentTreatment options depend on the type and stage of uterine cancer. For women with early stage endometrial cancer who are keen to preserve their fertility, the use of hormone therapy may sometimes be considered, in preparation for fertility treatment, such as In-Vitro Fertilisation (IVF). However, standard treatment largely revolves around surgery to remove the uterus, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer refers to cancer of the cervix, also known as the neck of the womb.

DiagnosisWomen with cervical cancer may present with symptoms such as irregular menstrual bleeding, bleeding after sexual intercourse or vaginal discharge. On examination, there may be an abnormal-looking cervix or an abnormal PAP smear. The diagnosis is usually confirmed on colposcopy and biopsy of abnormal-looking areas of the cervix.
TreatmentThe management of cervical cancer depends on the type and stage of the disease. In very early stages, surgery alone may be possible. However, if the disease is found to be at the advanced stage, then surgery is usually not an option and treatment would often involve both radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Dr Kelly Loi

Medical Director

BMBCh (Oxford), FRCOG (UK), FAMS (Singapore)

Dr Kelly Loi is the Medical Director of Health & Fertility Centre for Women and Monash IVF Singapore. She is known for her work in fertility and women’s health, with a focus on providing personalised and evidence-based care for women at different stages of their reproductive journey.

Dr Loi’s clinical interests include fertility, gynaecology, obstetrics, as well as minimally invasive laparoscopic and hysteroscopic surgery. She supports women through a wide range of reproductive and gynaecological concerns, including ovarian, uterine and cervical cancers.

She has also completed clinical attachments at internationally recognised institutions including Johns Hopkins Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, further deepening her experience in fertility care and reproductive medicine.

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